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 We
have a video recording in the Nerve Centre of the BBC 1 Documentary (9.2.03)
about the life of US actor Christopher Reeve, paralysed after a fall from his
horse in 1995. This inspiring video shows his remarkable progress since
his accident.
The spinal cord runs through a chain of bony rings known as the vertebrae.
This vertebral column protects the spinal cord which works like a telephone
cable – sending messages of feeling and sensation to the brain which converts
them into responses, such as movement or pain.
When the spinal cord is injured, these messages are interrupted and cannot
get through at all. Depending on the extent of damage to the spinal cord, a
person will be either partially or completely paralysed from the point of damage
(lesion) downwards.
How is the Spinal Cord injured?
In a number of ways – usually through injury to the delicate fibres of the
spinal cord. Common causes of spinal cord injury include road traffic accidents,
diving accidents, sports injuries, industrial accidents and household falls.
Can the Cord be damaged in other ways?
Yes. It is not only trauma that can cause damage to the spinal cord. Viruses,
and viral infections (such as transverse myelitis), cysts or growths and surgery
can cause permanent damage.
What are Paraplegia and Tetraplegia?
Paraplegia, resulting from a broken back, is paralysis from the chest or
waist downwards, with little or no movement or feeling in the lower limbs and
lower part of the trunk. Tetraplegia
(quadriplegia), resulting from a broken neck, also affects
arms and hands.
Fractures or compression of the vertebrae which cause permanent damage to the
cord may lead to loss of sensation, movement, bladder and bowel control, as well
as affecting sexual function.
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